The transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer in humans probably began at the same time in several different places. But there is one in particular where archaeologists have found evidence of this transformation. That site is Abu Hureyra in modern Syria.
Abu Hureyra is an ancient settlement on an artificial mound called a “tell”, located in Syria on the south side of the Euphrates valley, about 120 km east of Aleppo. The tell is a massive accumulation of collapsed houses, debris, and prehistoric objects accumulated over the course of thousands of years of human habitation at the site. The mound, which is nearly half a kilometer across and 8 meters tall, once stood on dry land by the Euphrates river, but has since been drowned beneath the waters of Lake Assad.
The castle Qal'at Ja'bar on the banks of Lake Assad. Photo: Aramgar/Wikimedia Commons
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