In the midst of war, when nations are locked in bitter conflict, cooperation seems unimaginable. Yet, history offers surprising instances where enemies, driven by necessity, momentarily set aside their hostilities to strike a deal. Such was the case during World War I, when Britain and Germany—despite being locked in a devastating battle—engaged in an unlikely exchange of two very vital resources—glass and rubber.
The First World War was the first major conflict where optical equipment like binoculars and rangefinders became essential for targeting and artillery placement. Previous wars had been fought at closer range, and even artillery had limited reach. However, advancements in firepower and accuracy over the preceding half-century extended target ranges to several kilometres. To accurately strike at such distances, the new guns required sophisticated optical rangefinders, field glasses, and other precision instruments. Optical lenses were also vital for aerial cameras, periscopes, and telescopic rifle sights.
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