Throughout history, many outlaws have gained fame for their exploits, often becoming romanticized figures in folklore, literature, and film despite their criminal activities. Figures like Jesse James, Billy the Kid, Butch Cassidy, and Bonnie and Clyde have achieved legendary status as symbols of rebellion. While the American Old West produced some of the most famous outlaws, the concept of banditry exists across cultures and historical periods worldwide.
Australia’s most famous outlaw was Ned Kelly, an Irish-Australian, who became a folk hero for his defiance of colonial authorities and his iconic homemade armour. Though not as widely known internationally as other legendary outlaws, he is a central figure in Australian folklore and cultural identity. His story is deeply tied to 19th-century Australia, reflecting the country’s colonial history, hardship faced by Irish settlers, and a deep-seated resentment toward the police, who frequently targeted his family. Over time, his life and exploits have taken on a legendary quality, symbolizing themes of rebellion, social injustice, and resistance against authority.
The homemade armour that Ned Kelly and his gang wore during their final showdown with the police. Photo credit: National Museum of Australia
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